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Bulleen-Templestowe Basketball Club (BTBC) was established in 1969.

In 1984, BTBC secured a licence to join the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL), marking the debut of the Bulleen Boomers.

The Boomers' first coach was Trevor Cook and the initial team included Michele Timms and Samantha Thornton who both would go on to represent Australia with distinction in future years. The club first qualified for the finals in 1989 under the guidance of coach Paul Deacon and, after progressing to the same stage the following year, missed the playoffs until 1996 when, in coach Lori Chizik's first season, Bulleen finished third in the regular season before bowing out in the semi-finals. Chizik led the Boomers to the preliminary final in 1999/00, the club's best ever result. Cheryl Chambers took over in 2001/02 and steered the club to two finals appearances, including the 2004/05 preliminary final.

In the mid-2000s the likes of Katrina Hibbert and Hollie Grima formed the backbone of the Boomers. Hibbert won back-to-back league MVP awards in 2004/05 and 2005/06 while Grima was crowned league MVP in 2006/07.

Liz Cambage, Rachel Jarry and Jenna O'Hea helped the Boomers win the WNBL championship in 2010/11.

In 2013, the Boomers changed their name from "Bulleen" to "Melbourne" to target a wider area of population and boost crowd numbers. The team also changed its colours from blue and gold to purple and gold, and moved their home games to the State Basketball Centre in Wantirna.

In 2016, a new ownership group took over the license to run the Boomers.

In the 2021–22 season, the Boomers won their second WNBL championship under coach Guy Molloy.

In March 2024, Geelong United Basketball and a consortium of local private investors from Geelong expressed interest in acquiring the Boomers' licence after the Boomers' longtime ownership group looked to transfer its licence.